The International Conference on Kyusei Nature Farming was held seven times in seven continents/regions. The objectives of the conferences were to introduce, promote and spread the concept of Kyusei Nature Farming (presently Nature Farming) and the technology of Effective Microorganisms (EM) in the world.
The first conference was held in Thailand in 1989, and the last one in New Zealand in 2002. Since then, we have been conducting extension activities of Nature Farming and EM technology with our cooperative organizations in various countries. Nature Farming is now known to many people around the world. Information on Nature Farming is distributed to more than 50 countries in the world through the APNAN office in Bangkok, Thailand.
Proceedings of the International Conferences
1st Conference
October 1989, Khon Kaen, Thailand
201 participants from 13 countries
Adapting Nature Farming to Large-Scale Vegetable Production
H. Meyer
Kyusei Nature Farming in Japan
Y. Arakawa
Prospects of Nature Farming for Rice Production in Indonesia
M.S. Wigenasantana and T. Waluyo
Nature Farming in Myanmar
C.C. Myint
Nature Farming in India: Constraints and Prospects
H.S. Singh
Agroecological and Socioeconomic Environment of Northeast Thailand
S. Suetrong and C. Pairintra
Nature Farming and Vegetable Production in Bangladesh
A.R. Chowdhury
Organic Farming in Sri Lanka
U.R. Sangakkara and S. Katupitiya
Utilization of Organic Wastes and Natural Systems in Malaysian Agriculture
A.H. Sharifuddin and A.R. Zaharar
Nature Farming in the Philippines
T.C. Mendoza
Nature Farming in Pakistan
T. Hussain and S. Muhammed
Livestock Manure Recycling in Korea by Anaerobic Digestion
Y. Joo and K. Lee
Recent Developments in Alternative Agriculture in the United States
J.F. Parr and S.B. Hornick
The Concept and Theories of Effective Microorganisms
T. Higa and G.N. Wididana
Nature Farming in Taiwan: Effect of EM on Growth and Yield of Paddy Rice
D.L. Lin
Effect of EM on Growth and Yield of Corn
S. Panchaban
Effect of Lactic Acid Fermentation Bacteria on Plant Growth and Soil Humus Formation
T. Higa and S. Kinjo
Effective Microorganisms in Nature Farming: Weeding Effect of EM 4 in Paddy Fields
T. Arakawa and T. Higa
Changes in the Soil Microflora Induced by Effective Microorganisms
T. Higa and G.N. Wididana
State of the Art of Kyusei Nature Farming
H. Myer and T.C. Mendoza
Research Needs and Priorities
H.A.H. Sharifuddin and U.R. Sangakkara
Networking and Linkages
S. Watcharotayan, H.S. Singh, and S. Katupitiya
APNAN
Asia-Pacific Natural Agriculture Network
2nd Conference
October 1991, Sao Paulo, Brazil
83 participants from 17 countries
Welcome Address
J. Lucio de Azevedo
Principles of Kyusei Nature Farming
Y. Matsumoto
Agriculture in Brazil: Current Situation and Future Prospects
C. Campanhola
The Need for Alternatives
J.A.B. Munhoz
Agriculture and the Environment
A.C. Alves
Sustainable Land Use Management in the Andean Region of Ecuador
S. Proano Galindo
Nature Farming in Venezuela: Constraints and Prospects
J.J. Castillo A. and N. Bafiez L.
Organic and Biodynamic Agriculture in Brazil
A. Harkaly
Alternative Agriculture and Agroecology in Nicaragua
E. Espinosa Rojas
The Agroecology Movement in Puerto Rico
N. Alvalez Febles
Agroecology and Sustainable Rural Development in Latin America
M.A. Altieri
Organic Framing in Germany: Concepts, Methods, and Practices
U. Kopke and G. Haas
Role of Microorganisms in Sustainable Tropical Agriculture
J. Dobereiner
Soil Quality: The Foundation of a Sustainable Agriculture
J.F. Parr, S.B. Hornick, and R.I. Papendick
Effect of Organic Amendments and EM on Rice Production in Myanmar
C.C. Myint
Kyusei Nature Farming in Japan: Effect of EM on the Growth and Yield of Spinach
S. Imai and T. Higa
Kyusei Nature Farming in Japan: Effect of EM on the Yield of Paddy Rice
T. Minami and T. Higa
Effect of EM on the Growth and Yield of Sweet Potato in Wet and Dry Seasons
U.R. Sangakkara
Effect of EM on Nitrogen Fixation by Bush Bean and Mungbean
U.R. Sangakkara and T. Higa
Effect of EM on the Growth and Yield of Selected Food Crops in Sri Lanka
U.R. Sangakkara and T. Higa
Prospects of Using Biofertilizers for Crop Production in Pakistan
T. Hussain, M. Yaseen, G. Jilani, and M.A. Abbas
Effect of Organic Amendments and EM on Crop Production in Pakistan
T. Hussain, G. Jilani, M. Yaseen, and M.A. Abbas
Effect of Organic Amendments and EM on the Growth and Yield of Crops and n Soil Properties
K.H. Lee
Nature Farming in Taiwan: Effects of Organic Amendments and EM on Rice Production
D.L.L. Lin
Use of Effective Microorganisms in Brazil
S. Kinjo
Effect of Organic Amendments and EM on Crop Production in Bangladesh
A.R. Chowdhury, M.M. Hossain, M.S. Mia, A.J.M.S. Karim, J. Haider, N.I. Bhuiyan, and Kh. Saifuddin
Population Dynamics of Effective Microorganisms under Saline Soil Conditions in Thailand
C. Pairintra and P. Pakdee
Effect of Organic Amendments and EM on Production of Food Crops in Malaysia
H.A.H. Sharifuddin, M.F. Shahbuddin, and A.R. Zaharah
Potential Use of EM for Controlling Witches’-Broom Disease in Cocoa
H. Maia Rocha
Research Needs and Priorities
A.A. Franco and H.A.H. Sharifuddin
Extension and Technology Transfer
A.R. Chowdhury, L.A. de Souza, and E. Spinosa
Education and Training
N.A. Febles
3rd Conference
October 1993, California, U.S.A.
225 participants from 16 countries
Welcome Address
W.D. Gillette
Kyusei Nature Farming: A Sustainable Farming Method for the 21st Century
Y. Matsumoto
Recent Initiatives by USDA to Strengthen Research and Education Programs on Sustainable Agriculture
R. Rominger
A Farmer’s Perspective on Sustainable Farming
W.G. Brammer
Consumer Issues in Creating a Sustainable Agriculture
L. Mott
Development of a Soil Health Index
J. Haberern
Effects of Soil and Crop Management Practices on Soil Quality
D.L. Karlen
Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Microbiological Interactions
P.D. Millner and D.D. Kaufman
Nutritional Quality of Crops as Affected by Management Practices
S.B. Hornick
Effects of Biodynamic and Conventional Farming on Soil Quality in New Zealand
J.P. Reganold
Development of a Soil Quality Index
J.L. Smith, R.I. Papendick, and J.J. Halvorson
Kyusei Nature Farming in Thailand: Research and Extension Activities
C. Pairintra, P. Pakdee, S. Prachankanchana, and S. Khongsai
Effect of EM on the Growth and Yield of Crops
A.R. Chowdhury, M.M. Islam, M.M. Hossain, and J. Haider
Research on the Technology of Effective Microorganisms in Sri Lanka
U.R. Sangakkara
Nature Farming Research in Malaysia: Effect of Organic Amendments and EM on Crop Production
H.A.H. Sharifuddin, M.F. Shahbuddin, A.R. Anuar, A.R. Zaharah, and J. Samy
Nature Farming Research in Myanmar: Effect of Organic Amendments and EM on Rice Production
C.C. Myint
The Asia-Pacific Natural Agriculture Network (APNAN): A Case Study for Regional Research
T. Hussain, G. Jilani, M. Yaseen, and M.A. Abbas
Effect of EM and EM-Fermented Compost on the Growth and Yield of Rice and Vegetable Crops in Korea
K.H. Lee and S.D. Cho
Nature Farming and Integrated Pest Management in Indonesia
M.S. Wigenasantana
Effect of EM on the Growth and Yield of Rice and Beans
A.M. Primavesi
Use of Effective Microorganisms in Brazil
S. Kinjo and S.K. Homma
Effect of EM and Green Manure on Soil Productivity in Brazil
H. Tokeshi, M.A.T. Lima and M.J.A. Jorge
Effect of EM on Soil Properties and Nutrient Cycling in a Citrus Agroecosystem
D. Paschoal, S.K. Homma, M.J.A. Jorge and M.C.S. Nogueira
Practical Application of EM Technology: A Farmer’s Perspective
D.R. Lynch
Effect of EM on Nitrogen and Potassium Levels in the Rhizosphere of Bush Bean
U.R. Sangakkara
Effect of EM on Germination and Seedling Growth of Rice
U.R. Sangakkara and A.M.U. Attanayake
Application of Effective Microorganisms for Swine Waste Treatment
S. Chantsavang, C. Sinratchatanun, K. Ayuwat, and P. Sirirote
Potential Use of EM for Control of Phytopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria
C.M. Castro, S.D. Motta, F. Akiba and R.L.D. Ribeiro
Effective Microorganisms for Control of Xanthomonas Campestris pv Vesicatoria in Sweet Pepper
C.M. Castro, S.D. Motta, D.S. Pereira, F. Akiba and R.L.D. Ribeiro
Influence of EM on Organic Matter Decomposition in Soil Under Controlled Conditions
S.Z. Filho, R.R. Medeiros and S. Kinjo
Influence of Effective Microorganisms on Seed Germination and Plantlet Vigor of Selected Crops
M.F.B. Siqueira, C.P. Sudré, L.H. Almeida, A.P.R. Pegorerl and F. Akiba
Potential Use of EM for Compositing Wood and Paper Processing Wastes
P.R. Moreira
Leaf Exudates of Bean Plants Cultivated with EM
R.R. Medeiros, S.Z. Filho and S. Kinjo
Tick Control in Cattle with Effective Microorganisms
S.E.C. Venegas and G. Ramos, Jr.
The Evolution of Sustainable Agriculture in the United States: A Recent Historical Perspective
J.F. Parr and S.B. Hornick
Strategies and Perspectives for Soil Quality and Sustainability
B.P. Warkentin
Coalition Building for Resolution of Natural Resource Issues
L.T. Wallace
Future Agendas for Sustainable Agriculture in the United States: Policies and Prospects
I.G. Youngberg
4th Conference
June 1995, Paris, France
169 participants from 24 countries
IFOAM and Organic Farming in the World
H.L. Prairie and B. Geier
Organic Agriculture for Sustainable Food Systems and Environmental Quality
H. Vogtmann
National Agricultural Policy on EM Technology in Bhutan
K. Dorji
Development of Kyusei Nature Farming and Use of Effective Microorganisms in Thailand
K. Wakugami
Sustainable Agriculture: Extensive Systems and Extensification
C. Beranger
Impact of Exploitive Farming Practices on Soil, Water, and Crop Quality: A Need for Remedial Measures
S. Wichereck and M. O. Bossier
Integrated Farming Systems and Sustainable Agriculture in France
P. Viaux
Transition from Conventional Agriculture to Nature Farming Systems: The Role of Microbial Inoculants and Biofertilizers
J.F. Parr, S.B. Hornick and R.I. Papendick
Nutrient Use Efficiency of Selected Crops Grown with Effective Microorganisms in Organic Systems
U.R. Sangakkara, B. Marambe, A.M.U. Attanayake and E.R. Piyadasa
Nature Farming with EM Technology for Sustainable Crop Production in Pakistan
T. Hussain, G. Jilani, T. Javaid and S.H. Tahir
Effect of EM on the Production of Vegetable Crops in Indonesia
G.N. Wididana and T. Higa
Feeding the World: Sustainable Agriculture and Regional Self-Efficiency
C. Beau
The Importance of Soil Microbiology in Agriculture
C. Bourguignon
Microbial Inoculants for Controlled Composting of Organic Materials
U. Ltibke
Effect of EM on Peanut Production and Soil Fertility in the Red Soil Region of China
Q. Zhao
Effect of EM on Soil Quality, Fruit Quality and Yield of Orange Trees in a Brazilian Citrus Orchard
A.D. Paschoal, S.K. Homma, A.B. Sanches and M.C.S. Nogueira
The Concept of Soil Quality: New Perspectives for Nature Farming and Sustainable Agriculture
R.L. Papendick, J.F. Parr, and S.B. Hornick
Evaluating Soil Quality at Different Scales
J.L. Smith and J.J. Halvorson
Impressions from the Fourth International IFOAM Conference (1993) on Non-Chemical Weed Control
J.M. Thomas
Effective Microorganisms for Controlling the Phytopathogenic Fungus Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum in Lettuce
H. Tokeshi, M.C. Alves, A.B. Sanches and D.Y. Harada
Seed Treatment with EM and Micronutrients for Controlling Rice and Maize Diseases
A.M. Primavesi
Research on Nature Farming Systems in Malaysia: Applications of EM Technology
H.A.H. Sharifuddin, M.F. Shahbuddin, A.R. Anuar and J. Samy
Animal Husbandry Techniques in Biological Agriculture: The Case of Non-Ruminants
D. Antoine
Animal Husbandry Techniques in Biological Agriculture: The Case of Ruminants
A. Reynard
Effective Microorganisms for Sustainable Animal Production in China
W.J. Li, Y.Zh. Ni and H. Umemura
Effective Microorganisms for Controlling Ticks in Cattle
G.R. Ramos and S.E.C Cabezas
Effect of EM on Growth, Egg Production and Waste Characteristics of Japanese Quail
S. Chantsavang, P. Piafupoa and O. Triwutanon
Composting Farmyard Manure for a More Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
B. Le Houerou and M. Benoit
Composting as a Management Option for Recycling Organic Wastes
B. Godden
Composting and Recycling Urban Food Wastes in Korea with Effective Microorganisms
K.H. Lee
Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Manure by Effective Microorganisms and Methanogenic Bacteria
P. Sirirote, S. Sawanon, Y. Chiemchaisri and S. Chantsavang
Application of EM for Improved Management of Swine and Poultry Wastes in Thailand
S. Sritoomma
Integrated Crop/Livestock Production Systems for Kyusei Nature Farming in Brazil
T. Kinjo, S.K. Homma, S. Kinjo, A.B. Sanches, A.B. da Silva, R.B. da Silva, W.M.P. Silva, J.L. Perez and K.S.S. Perez
Effect of EM on Rice Production and Methane Emission from Paddy Fields in Malaysia
S.J. Samy, A. Xavier, A.B. Rahman and H.A.H. Sharifuddin
Effect of EM on Weed Populations, Weed Growth and Tomato Production in Kyusei Nature Farming
B. Marambe and U.R. Sangakkara
Effect of EM on Vegetable Production in Sri Lanka: An Economic Analysis
U.R. Sangakkara
Effect of EM on the Consumption, Nutritive Value and Digestibility of Corn Silage by Ruminant Animals
A. Guim, P. de Andrade and E.B. Malheiros
Effect of EM on the Consumption, Nutritive Value and Digestibility of Elephant Grass Silage by Ruminant Animals
A. Guim, A.C. Ruggieri, P. de Andrade and E.B. Malheiros
Treatment of Food Processing Wastes in Brazil with Effective Microorganisms
S. Kinjo, P.C. Poliseli, A.B. da Silva and R.B. da Silva
Use of Effective Microorganisms for Treatment of Domestic Sewage by the Activated Sludge Process
A.B. da Silva, R.B. da Silva, A.B. Sanches and S. Kinjo
Effect of Lactobacillus Inoculants. Organic Amendments and Mineral Elements on Yield of Onion and Field Bean
A.M. Primavesi
Effect of Microbial Inoculants and Mineral Elements on Drought Resistance and Yield of Field Bean
A.M. Primavesi
5th Conference
October 1997, Bangkok, Thailand
86 participants from 29 countries
Welcome Address
K. Wakugami
Kyusei Nature Farming – A Technology for the Future
Y. Matsumoto
Role of Kyusei Nature Farming in the Modern World
T. Higa
Role of Kyusei Nature Farming and EM Technology in Thailand
P. Dulyapatch
Closing Remarks
H. Okubo
Microorganisms, Genetic Engineering and IFOAM
L. Bullard
Revolutionizing Agriculture Through the Dissemination of EM Technology – A Practical Model Developed in Pakistan
Z. Altaf, T. Hussain, G. Jilani and T. Javaid
Developments and Prospects of EM Technology in Thailand
K. Wakugami and P. Loawhakasetr
Some Aspects of Kyusei Nature Farming and EM Technology in China
H. Uemura and M. Adachi
Hormonal Effect of EM on Citrus Germination
H. Tokeshi and P.R.R. Chagas
Effect of Organic Fertilizers and EM Applications on Growth Pattern, Nutrient Uptake and Grain Yield of Sweet Corn
S. Kato, H.L. Xu, M. Fujita, K. Yamada, K. Karase and H. Umemura
Influence of Method of Application of Effective Microorganisms on Growth and Yields of Selected Crops
U.R. Sangakkara and B. Marambe
Production of Plants of Coffea canephora cv. conilon with Conventional Fertilizer (Chemical) and Bokashi plus Effective Microorganisms
P.R.R. Chagas, H. Tokeshi and N.H. Zonatti
Influence of Bokashi Organic Fertilizer and Effective Microorganisms (EM) on Growth and Yield of Field Grown Vegetables
S.P. Milagrosa and E.T. Balaki
Yields of Rice and Maize as Affected by Effective Microorganisms
Y.D. Lim, T.W. Pak and C.B. Jong
Soil-Root Interface Water Potential in Sweet Corn Affected by Organic Fertilization and Effective Microbes Applications
H.L. Xu, S. Kato, K. Yamada, M. Fujita, K. Katase and H. Umemura
Impact of Effective Microorganisms in Dry Matter Partitioning in Maize (Zea mays L.)
B. Marambe and U.R. Sangakkara
Utilization of Effective Microorganisms in Commercial Organic Agriculture – A Case Study from New Zealand
T.P. Chamberlain, M.J. Daly and C.N. Merfield
Influence of Effective Microorganisms on the Quality of Poultry Products
S. Chantsavang and P. Watcharangkul
Effect of EM on the Production of Crops and Waste Treatment in Korea
Y.H. Joo and K.H. Lee
Action of Effective Microorganisms (EM) on Microbial, Biochemical and Compaction Parameters of Sustainable Soil in Brazil
R.T.S. Frighetto, P.J. Valarini, H. Tokeshi and D.A. Oliveira
Role of EM to Sustain Crop Production in Pakistan
T. Hussain, T. Javid, G. Jilani, M. Jamil and M.A. Haq
Root Dynamics and Nutrient Uptake Efficiencies of Mung Bean as Affected by Organic Matter and Effective Microorganisms
U.R. Sangakkara
EM Technology and Organic Matter Amendments in the Tropics
A. Primavesi
Effect of Seed Treatments with EM in Control of Common Bunt (Tilletia tritici) in Wheat
A. Borgen
EM Fermented Plant Extract and EM5 for Controlling Pickleworm (Diaphania nitidalis) in Organic Cucumber
M.T. Wood, R. Miles and P. Tahora
Determination of Plant Health by their Magnetic Emanation and its Improvement with EM
A.M. Primavesi
Control of Black Sigatoka Disease (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) Using Effective Microorganisms
F. Elango, P. Tabora and J.M. Vega
Environmental Tuning of Agriculture in the Netherlands
J.V. Bruchem, E.L. Lantinga, J. Overvest and J.P.M. Jorink
Purification of Waste Water with Effective Microorganisms and its Utilization in Agriculture
A. Okuda and T. Higa
Preliminary Results of Effective Microorganisms (EM) Application in Vietnam
N.Q. Thach, C.A. Long, V.V. Liet, N.V. Trung, N.X. Thanh, T.V. Dich, N. Duong, N.K. Tuan, L.T.H. Xuan and P.V. Dan
EM Nature Farming Technology: Research and Extension Activities in Myanmar
C.C. Myint
The Technology of EM in Nepal – An Update of the Success
S.P. Yadav
Some Aspects of Activities of the Technology of Effective Microorganisms in the Americas
G.S. Kozawa
Nature Farming Research and Development at the Naturfarm in Lompoc, California, USA
J.F. Parr and S.B. Hornick
Utilization of Effective Microorganisms in Vietnam
Le Khac Quang
Sustainable Integrated Kyusei Nature Farming EM Technology and Food Security in Africa
G.A. Smith and I. Yoshida
Mixed Culturing of Rhodospirillaceae in Effective Microorganisms
T. Kyan and T. Higa
Changes in the Microflora and Physiological-Biochemical Characteristics in the Culture of EM
C.M. Oh and S.B. Choi
Prospects of Utilizing Effective Microorganisms (EM-1 and EMX) in the Liquidation of Nuclear Accident Consequences
E.F. Konoplya
Mixed Culture of Aerobic and Anaerobic Microorganisms Under Similar Condition
M.C. Kim, W.S. Kim and H.G. Ryang
6th Conference
October 1999, Pretoria, South Africa
156 participants from 36 countries
Welcome Address
J.F. Prinsloo
Welcome Address
T. Erasmus
Kyusei Nature Farming in the Context of the Modern World
S. Shinoda
The Technology of Effective Microorganisms – Its Role in Kyusei Nature Farming
T. Higa
Address of Welcome
B. Pickering
Closing Remarks
T. Kawashima
Organic Farming – Its Role in the New Century
A. Litterick, S. Brenman and C. Leifert
Organic Farming in South Africa – Prospects for the Future
B. Pickering
Opportunities and Challenges for the Use of Microbial Inoculants in Agricultural Practice
J. Zarb, C. Leifert and A. Litterick
Kyusei Nature Farming – The Concept and Development
S. Shinoda
Effective Microorganisms in the Context of Kyusei Nature Farming – A Technology for the Future
T. Higa
Observations on the Use of Effective Microorganisms (Kyusei EM) on Selected Vegetable Crops Using Nutrient Enriched Water from a Water Recirculated Intensive Fish Production System
J.F. Prinsloo and H.J. Schoonbee
Impact of Effective Microorganisms on Nitrogen Utilization in Food Crops
U.R. Sangakkara and P. Weerasekera
Effects of Organic Fertilization and EM Inoculation on Leaf Photosynthesis, Fruit Yield and Quality of Tomato
H.L. Xu, R. Wang, M.A.U. Mridha, S. Kato, K. Katase and H. Umemura
Improvement of Tomato Cultivation by Effective Microorganisms
K.H. Lee and J.M. Sung
Application of EM Technology for Intensive Organic Recycling, Soil Quality, Crop Yield and Quality, and Environmental Protection
W.J. Lee, Q.l. Sung, H. Cao, L.A. Niu, and Y.Z. Ni
Comparison of the Effect of EM and Other Bacterial and Mineral Products on Bean Yield
A. Primavesi and S. Kinjo
Application of Effective Microorganisms in a New Hybrid System of Biogas Production
S. Chantsavang
Blanket Pre-Treatment: An Innovative Solution to Some Age-Old Problems
Cr J. Boyd
Integrated Recycle System of Organic Urban Waste with EM Technology
G.N. Wididana and T. Higa
Environmental Remediation Efforts in Northern California, U.S.A.
G.S. Kozawa, A. Bonifacio, F. Bonifacio, S. Bonifacio and K. Rasmussen
Dioxin Bioremediation through EM Technology
G.S. Kozawa
A Comparison of the Effect of Anolyte and Effective Microorganisms (Kyusei EM) on the Faecal Bacterial Loads in the Water and on Fish Produced in Pig-cum-Fish Integrated Production Units
A. Hanekom, J.F. Prinsloo and H.J. Schoonbee
Effective Microorganisms (EM) as an Alternative to Antibiotics in Broiler Diets: Effect on Broiler Growth Performance, Feed Utilisation and Serum Cholesterol
A.C.L. Safalaoh and G.A. Smith
Effective Microorganisms (EM) for Animal Production
B.K. Dahal
Use of Effective Microorganisms against Deg Nala Disease in Buffaloes in the Rice Growing Areas of the Punjab Province (Pakistan)
A. Maqbool, S. Hayat, T. Hussain, F. Ahmad, K. Mahmood and F. Mahmood
The Economic Effect of Nature Farming by EM
B.N. Lee, C.K. Kang and K.H. Lee
Nature Farming with Effective Microorganisms ‒ Impact Analysis
Z. Altaf, T. Hussain, M. Anwar-ul-Haq and T.I. Ali
Crop Yields and Soil Organic Matter as Affected by Kyusei Nature Farming and EM Technology
U.R. Sangakkara, S.P. Nissanka, P. Weerasekera and T. Higa
EM Technology Application in Vietnam and Some Results in Environment Treatment
L.K. Quang
EM Bio-Generator for Amending Sodic Groundwater
S. Ahmad, M. Aslam, J. Zeb, T. Hussain and M.H. Zia
Efficiency of Lime Sulfur in the Control of Two-Spotted Mite in Papaya in Conventional and Organic (Bokashi-EM) System
P.R.R. Chagas, H. Tokeshi and M.C. Alves
Phytophthora Resistance of Tomato Plants Grown with EM Bokashi
H.L. Xu, R. Wang, M.A.U. Mridha and U. Umemura
The Use of “Effective Microorganisms” (WM and EM5) in the Biological Control of House Flies Associated with Poultry Production
J.P.T. Kapongo and J.H. Giliomee
Control of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa in Turfgrass Using Effective Microorganisms
R.J. Kremer, E.H. Ervin, M.T. Wood and D. Abuchar
Mechanisms of EM-1 Effect on the Growth and Development of Plants and its Application in Agricultural Production
E.F. Konoplya and T. Higa
Organic-inorganic Compound Fertilizer Treated by EM (I): Changes of Nutrient, Microbial Community and Bioactivity with Composting Time in EM Living-refuse Compost
L. Yu, S. Yu, B. Cheng, M. Lin and Z. Li
Reduction of Heavy Metals in Sludge by EM Treatment
E. Nielsen
Suppression of Dioxin Generation in the Garbage Incinerator, Using EM (Effective Microorganisms), EM-Z, and EM-Z Ceramic Powder
M. Miyajima, N. Nagano, and T. Higa
Expansion Status of Nature Farming and EM Technology in Japan
K. Amano
Influence of Effective Microorganisms on Growth and Fruit Characteristics of Papaya in Egypt
I.M. Desoky, M. Riad and E.L. Belatus
EM Research in the Netherlands
M.G.M. Bruggenwert
Effective Micro-organisms in dairy farming – A case study
W.W. Sikkema and B. Sikkema
Effective Micro-organisms in the Agriculture of Holland
F. van den Ham
Effect of EMx foliar sprays on antioxidant defense systems in plans
T. Shimoji and T. Higa
Role of Effective Micro-organisms in maintaining soil quality – A case study
U.R. Sangakkara and C.S. Kandapola
Comparison of Effective Micro-organisms and phosphate fertilizer in developing degraded mine lands
M. Wood, D. Mosby and M. Doolan
New Zealand Nature Farming Society – Its role in the adoption of EM in New Zealand
R. Donaghy, T. Mallard, L. Mallard, T. Chamberlain and M. Daly
Combinations of EM and Other Microbial Products – Potentials for the Future
A. Ive
Impact of Foliar Application of Effective Micro-organisms on Frenchbeans
S.P. Nissanka and U.R. Sangakkara
Adoption of EM Technology in Cotton and Other Crop Based Enterprises in America
J.M. Phillips
Flower and Fruit Dehiscence of Irrigated Papaya
P.R. Chagas and H. Tokeshi
Effect of Calcium on Yield of Papaya in Conventional and Organic Systems
P.R. Chagas and H. Tokeshi
Plant Growth as Affected by Chemical Fertilizers or EM Bokashi
T. Kinjo, C.D.S. Rodrigues, E. de Almeida and M.A.G. Ramos
Sustainable Agriculture with EM Technology – A Case Study in Pakistan
T. Hussain, M. Anwar Haq, I. Ahmed, T.I. Ali and M.H. Zia
Development of Clean Piggeries with EM Technology
Y. Ni and W. Li
EM and its Effects on Citrus
A.M. Primavesi
Application of EM and Other Nutrient Sources on Rice and Wheat – A Case Study
K.K. Sherchand
Effective Micro-organisms – its Efficacy in Soil Improvement and Crop Growth
S.P. Yadav
Ecological Control of Powdery and Downy Mildew in Vineyards
V. Robotic, R. Bosancic and M. Mojic
Integrated Systems for Waste Management in Africa
W.J. Meyer
Influence of EM on the Health of Sheep
A.D. Anjum and T. Hussain
Development of the Technology of Effective Micro-organisms in the Czech Republic
F. Zabrana
Practical Use of Effective Micro-organisms in Austria
C. Greinocker
The Technology of Effective Microorganisms in South China
R. Ohmura, H. Umemura and M. Adachi
Extension Strategies for EM – A Step Towards Nature Farming
M. Khoso
The Effect of EM4, EMx and Magnetized Water on Plant Nutrition and Magnetic Emanations
A. Primavesi
Evaluation of Treating Waste Water with Effective Microorganisms for Use in a Solar Aquatic Facility in Montana, USA
M.T. Wood and P. Farelly
Effects of EM Bokashi Supplementation on Feed Efficiency and Serum Metabolism in Broiler Chicken
S. Sun and K.H. Lee
The Technology of Effective Microorganisms – Testing and Adoption in Vietnam
N.Q. Thach
The Technology of Effective Microorganisms in Hawaii – Developments and Prospects
H. Nago
Promotion of Organic Farming in Rural Developments Projects in India
J.N. Daniel
The Effect of EM on the Production of Wood Chip Compost
C. Neuhs and J. Phillips
Adoption of EM Technology in Large Scale Livestock Operations in the USA
J.M. Phillips
7th Conference
January 2002, Christchurch, New Zealand
231 participants from 30 countries
Welcome Address
T. Chamberlain
Welcome Address
S. Mason
Kyusei Nature Farming and Effective Microorganisms for the 21st Century
T. Higa
Kyusei Nature Farming – Its Role in Human Activities
S. Shinoda (presented by T. Kawashima)
Welcome Address
L. Clay
Welcome Address
Hon. J. Anderton
Closing Address
H.L. Xu
Sustainable Agriculture – Its Role in Food Security
J. Nosberger
Enhancing Ecological Sustainability of New Zealand’s Agricultural System – Role of the Native Plants
J.M. Williams
Beneficial Soil Microorganisms: A Key for Sustainable Agriculture
M. Aragno
Organic Farming in New Zealand
S. Mason
Important Roles of Soil Micro-organisms in Organic Farming
K.M. Goh
Kyusei Nature Farming
S. Shinoda (presented by H.L. Xu)
Oral Presentations
Effects of Foliar Application with Effective Microorganisms on Leaf Metabolism and Seed Yield in Soybean
S.S. Yue, C.P. Wang, H.L. Xu and J.Y. Dai
Investigations into the Effect of Effective Microorganisms and Organic Amendments on Sugar Cane Production in South Africa
J.F. Prinsloo, P.L. de Jager and B.J. Lienberg
Rice Production with Effective Microorganisms: Impact on Rice and Soil
R.G. Corales and T. Higa
EM Application Studies on a Low Organic Matter Soil in India
J.N. Daniel, P.S. Takawale, V.K. Kauthale and P.K. Kulkarni
Poster Presentations (Abstracts)
Effects of Spraying Effective Microorganisms (EM) on Senescence in the Flag Leaf of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
S.S. Yue, C.P. Wang, H.L. Xu and J.Y. Dai
Integrated Use of Effective Microorganisms (EM) with Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources for Maximum Wheat, Cotton and Corn Production
T. Hussain, M. Anwar-ul-Haq and S.H. Shah
Breeding of Crop Cultivars Suitable for Nature Farming
S. Nakano
From Plant to Palate: Identifying the Potential for EM in the Australian Wine and Olive Industries
J.R. Sabine
Impact of Bokashi Application on the Growth and Yield of Sesamum indicum
N. Jayasinghe
Impact of EM on the Growth and Yield of American Oyster Mushroom
H.D.C.N. Thilakaratne
Effect of EM on Growth and Yield of Crops
O Ch.M., Ho Ch.S., Ri O.S., and Yang S.H.
Effective Microorganisms – Its Use in Vegetable Production System of the Philippines
S.P. Milagrosa
The Effect of EM1 on Banana, Mango and Grapes
M. Riad and E.L. Belatus
Effects of Microbial Inoculant (EM-Bokashi) on Germination, Seedling Growth and Nodulation of Albizia procera (Roxb) in the Nursery
S.R. Pandey, M.A.U. Mridha and M.K. Hossain
The Influence of EM – F.P.E. on the Yields of Phung Sticky Rice, VNL4 Maize and Haricot Bean
Thai Duy Ninh and Nguyen Kieu Lien
Oral Presentations
The Use of Fermentation Extracts in Animal Feeds
T.A. Jenkins
Impact of Effective Microbial Solutions in Austria – A Case Study
U. Hader, F. Hummer and F. Tschiggerl
Application of EM1 (Effective Microorganisms) for Treatment of Diarrheic Disease in Piglets in Vietnam
Pham Knac Hieu and Bui Thi Tho
Poster Presentations (Abstracts)
A Study on EM Technique for Comprehensive Utilization of Alcohol Distillery Residues
S. Guo, D. Wang, G. Xue, J. Zang and T. Yamada
Influence of EM on the Performance of the Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
S. Thayalini and K. Samarasinghe
Effect of EM on Shrimp Culture in Different Salinity Levels of Water
S. Pongdit and T.W. Thongkaew
Effects of EM on Growth Rate and Feed Efficiency in Ducks
P. Luanthaisong, S. Jaiyasit and J. Yaeram
In situ and Laboratory Scale Dairy Plant Waste Water Treatment by Using Effective Microorganisms
S. Chantsavang
Shrimp Culture with Effective Microorganisms in China
L. Yong
Sustainable Livestock and Crop Management with the Technology of Effective Microorganisms
S. Yoshida
Oral Presentations
Options for Advanced On-Site Treatment
K.M. Bellamy and B. Horsley
Program for the Integrated Management of Solid Wastes at EARTH University: A Small Community’s Self-management Experience in the Humid Tropical Region
C. Hernandez, J. Yeomans, S. Okumoto, M. Shintani and P. Tabora
Swine Waste Management Through Kyusei Nature Farming and EM
S. Sun, B. Ahn, K. Myung and K. Kim
Remediation and Preservation of Natural Ecosystems through Application of Effective Microorganisms (EM)
Y. Hoshino, N. Satou and T. Higa
Poster Presentations (Abstracts)
The Study on Harmless Treatment for Urban Domestic Waste with Microecology Engineering Technology
Ni Yongzhen, Ding Xuemei and Li Weijiong
Study on EM Biological Carrier in Wastewater Treatment System
Zhu Liang, Wang Hui and Cai Jin-bang
EM as a Pathway to Improve Urban Garbage Re-cycling in Sri Lanka
H. Liyanage and J. Krishnaratne
EM Deodoration Treatment in Guangzhou
K.K. Lau
Pre-incubated Microbe-Ecological Engineering (PMEE)
K.K. Lau
Household Level Use of EM for Composting Household Waste and Rooftop Vegetable Gardening in Kathmandu City
G.L. Shrestha
Study of EM Technology for Decomposition and Bioremediation of Dioxin Group Compounds
H. Tomii, T. Higa and N. Sato
Oral Presentations
Effects of EM-4 Biofertilizer on CO2 Evolution and on the Distribution and Quality of Humidified Organic Carbon Fractions in Soil
R.L.L. Berbara, L.P. Canellas and F. Gurundi
Control of Secondary Salinization in Soils through Effective Microbes
X.H. Shao, D.Y. Liu, P. Jiang and W.L. Cao
Poster Presentations (Abstracts)
Quantity of EM-4 Which May Be Applied to a Soil with 3% of Organic Matter
A. Primavesi
Recovery of Saline Soils with Bacterial Exopolysaccharides of EM
P.J. Valarini, D. Alves, F. Guerrero, R.T.S. Friguetto and H. Tokeshi
Role of Lignolytic Fungi in Improving the Quality of Compost
M. Singh, K.K. Bhattarcharya and N. Saha
Soil Physiochemical Properties in Paddy Fields where Weeds are Depressed
S. Kato, K. Harada and S. Iwaishi
Changes in Soils of Arid Regions Due to Microbial Applications
S. Ali, M. Shahid, N. Sato and T. Higa
Oral Presentations
Weed Control by Applying Organic Materials in Cultivation Practices of Rice
S. Iwaishi
Integrated Management of Fruit Fly and its Impact on Yield of Crops with Effective Microorganisms (A Case Study)
K. Hamamoto and H. Nago
Role of Effective Microbes in Integrated Pest Management Programmes in Vietnam
Nguyen Van Tuat and Le Van Trinh
Experiences with Effective Microorganisms in Disease and Pest Control in Farms and Gardens in India
M. Correa and L. Dengel
Management of Weeds through the Application of Effective Microbes
J. Matsumoto
Poster Presentations (Abstracts)
Pre-Emergent Weed Control with Effective Microorganisms – A Case Study
U.R. Sangakkara, P.R.S.D. Bandranayake, J.N. Gajanayake and U. Dissanayake
Effect of EM on Root Growth, Rhizobium Development and Green Pod Yield in Broad Bean
K. Budathoki and N.G. Pradhan
Combining EM/EM5 and Parasitoids in the Biocontrol of Flies in Confined Animal Production
J.P.T. Kapongo and J.H. Giliomee
Control of Vine Powdery Mildew by Use of EM Preparations
V. Robotic, R. Bosancic and M. Mojic
Effects of Liquefied Kitchen Garbage on Weeds and Crop Growth
A.M. Corales, R.G. Corales, T. Higa, K. Oki and Y. Nagado
Oral Presentations
Integrating EM Technology into Rural Development in Thailand
M. McGrath
Forest Resource Conservation for Biodiversity through Kyusei Nature Farming
K. Muangnil
Manufacturing Methods of Multi-ingredient Compost with EM
H.G. Ryang, M.S. Rim, Y.H. Rim, C.U. Chang, C.G. Kang and D.C. Yang
Poster Presentations (Abstracts)
Use of EM Technology in Austria
J. Greinocker
Farmers Initiative for Promotion of EM Technology in Sindh Pakistan
N. Khayal
Macrofauna Biodiversity Comparison in Soils of a Costa Rican Banana Plantation under Organic and Convention Farming
F.X. Castillo, L.O. Vera, B. Kohlmann and M. Shintani
EM Bokashi Network-USA: EM Environmental Education and Food Waste Recycling Program
J.F. Gabriel
External Benefits of the Application of the Effective Microorganisms (EM) in Agriculture
F. Aguilar
Oral Presentations
Utilization of EM Technology for Overcoming Some Environmental Problems in Vietnam
Le Khac Quang
Nature Farming and Shrimp Production in South America
H. Ota and S. Kinjo
Current Use of EM Technology in Germany and Future Prospects
E. Hammes
Potential of Technology of Effective Microorganisms (EM) in Zanzibar
M.K. Maalim, F.H. Ali, Z.M. Abubakar, A.M. Haji and M.K. Maalim
EM Projects in USA
M. Wood, T. Higa, P. Farrelly and B. Simpson
Poster Presentations (Abstracts)
EM-tech in China for Ten Years
W.J. Li and Y.Z. Ni
Nature Farming and EM Technology in Bhutan
T.R. Gurung
EM Technology for Nature Farming in Bhutan
D.B. Rai
Research and Development of Effective Microorganisms (EM) Technology in Myanmar
T. Than and H. Tin
Promotion of EM Technology among Farmers in India
J.N. Daniel and P.K. Shirsath
On Farm Experiences with Kyusei Nature Farm and Effective Microorganisms
A. Champault and K. Farm
Propagation of EM Technology in India
S. Aggarwal
Oral Presentations
APNAN – A Successful Network for Kyusei Nature Farming and EM Technology
T. Shimoji, M. Sakurai, N. Taniki, S. Pongdit, U.R. Sangakkara and T. Higa
Scientific Proof of Mokichi Okada’s Nature Farming Theories
H.L. Xu
Poster Presentations (Abstracts)
Multidimensional Use of Effective Microorganisms – Case Studies from Holland
F. van den Ham
Improvement of Farm Production Using EM: A Practical Experience
T. Vincent
Research on Sustainable Agriculture Farming Systems in Nepal: Applications of EM Technology
S.P. Yadav
The Application of EM within Integrated Agricultural Village Development in Samoa
K. Morrison and N. Tekiu
Integrating Nature Farming into the Mainstream of R & D Programs of PhilRice Towards Sustainability of Agricultural Systems
B.D. Tadeo, R.G. Corales, C.A. Asis, T.H. Xuan, J.L. de Dios, J.C. Cordero and P.S. Ramos
Effective Microorganisms – the Fundament of Ecological – Engineering
A. Muranyi
Oral Presentations
How Does EM Technology Affect Farm Productivity? A Study Investigating the Costs and Returns Associated with a Program Utilizing EM Technology on a Mixed Cropping Organic Farm in Canterbury NZ
C. Lamb, M. Daly and T. Chamberlain
Disposal of Organic Kitchen Food Waste in the Canterbury/Christchurch Region of New Zealand with an EM-Bokashi Composting System
G. Pontin, M. Daly and C. Duggan
EM and an Innovative Composting Toilet
K. Morrison, F. Cox and M. McGrath
Compostability of Restaurant Kitchen Waste Using “Effective Microorganisms” Preparations
H. Kahl and M. Daly
Poster Presentations (Abstracts)
Deodorization of Faeces in Calf Rearing Sheds
T.A. Jenkins
Composting Green Garden Waste in Christchurch City Using EM
M. Daly and G. Pontin
‘Leaps of Faith’: A Case Study of EM Use on a New Zealand Pig
G.M. Williams